Rice Farming Program Combating Malnutrition in Rwanda

Posted on Nov 20, 2019

Cristine Mukabarisa in Rwinkwavu, Rwanda

Cristine Mukabarisa, front, says PIH's collaborative rice farming program in Rwinkwavu, Rwanda, has changed her family's future and vastly improved her children's health. Eighteen local families are participating in the program, sharing farming duties to gain supplemental food and income, and alleviate their children's malnutrition. The group has had four harvests over the past year, and is preparing for its fifth. All photos by Mike Lawrence / PIH

The hardest part about growing rice in a lush river valley in southeastern Rwanda, a dedicated group of farmers says, is “keeping the beds”—in other words, frequently yelling and waving to scare away flocks of hungry birds that descend on the paddies.

Farmers’ piercing calls create a steady background noise along this rural stretch of the Kadiridimba River, where rice paddies form a checkerboard across the flooded lowlands and—scavenging birds or not—an innovative agriculture program is changing the lives of 18 families with children affected by malnutrition.

The Kadiridimba is a major source of water for Kayonza District, and a major thoroughfare for agriculture in Rwinkwavu, a region in Kayonza where Partners In Health supports Rwinkwavu Hospital, strengthens the health system and provides health services in numerous communities. Last year, staff with PIH’s livelihood program successfully worked with the local government to dedicate one hectare of river-fed land—about 2 ½ acres—for a rice farming program. Parents of malnourished or diabetic children now work the one-hectare paddy and use the harvests for food, income and, potentially, growth of a small business.

Parents of children with malnutrition use their harvests for food and income — Parents in PIH's rice-farming program work in their rice paddy from 7 to 11 a.m. every weekday, often walking on elevated muddy banks in between soaked beds.

Rice beds need to be moved as they grow, creating different size beds across a paddy over a growing cycle of about three months. Rice ready for harvest can be taller than waist-high, and straw covers empty beds that farmers recently harvested.

Partners In Health has worked in Rwanda since 2005, and is known locally as Inshuti Mu Buzima. Kayonza is one of three districts in which PIH works, and across all of them, livelihood programs—formally called the Program on Social and Economic Rights, or POSER—are a key part of caring for people’s entire health needs, beyond clinical care.

Malnutrition care

Christian Mazimpaka, PIH’s clinical director for Kayonza District, said many people who receive health care and screenings from PIH are then connected with POSER programs because of malnutrition.

“At the hospital they get food, but when they go home, it is a problem,” he said. “These programs are to make sure after they are discharged, they can get food, and they are not coming back to the hospital.”

Clement Cyiza, a POSER program assistant, said PIH supports 800 households in Rwinkwavu with programs including agriculture training, direct food assistance, livestock, and more. Cyiza said those 800 households include more than 50 local community groups, in which neighboring families take on collaborative projects.

Such as growing rice to produce additional food for their children.

Clementine Nyirashyirambere was one of five parents who sat on a thick bed of straw in their shared paddy on a sunny afternoon earlier this year, and talked about the program. She is a mother of six children, including two enrolled in PIH’s malnutrition program. She said PIH has provided health checkups and care for her family, direct food support along with the rice farming effort, additional training on how to grow better vegetables at home, and transportation for her children to visit Rwinkwavu Hospital.

And with harvests under their belts, she and her co-workers already were talking about expanding their sales.

Florenti Rukiriza helps parents with rice farming to supplement their food and income — PIH agriculture facilitator Florenti Rukiriza (left) has been farming rice for decades. He said the program in Rwinkwavu began with a community survey and now has reaped four harvests, with a fifth expected in late November.

Food security

The parents’ success has come with a lot of dedication. They work in the rice paddy from 7 to 11 a.m. every weekday, learning daily lessons in the labor-intensive process. Beds of rice have to be moved as they grow, transplanted from one soggy patch to another over about three months, until they mature. Beds of rice that are ready for harvest are taller than waist-high. Empty beds that recently have been harvested are covered by thick layers of straw, heavy enough to sit on and walk across, until the next planting.

Florenti Rukiriza, a PIH agriculture facilitator and a father of four himself, has been guiding the new farmers along the way.

Rukiriza, 52, said he’s been farming rice “since before the genocide.” That’s a common marker of time in Rwanda, where the 1994 genocide against the Tutsis led to the deaths of 1 million people—nearly 20 percent of the country’s population at the time—and displaced millions more.

Community empowerment and building health from the ground up, through programs such as communal rice farming, are a crucial part of Rwanda’s national revival in the 25 years since.

Rukiriza said before the program began, they surveyed community members to assess needs for seeds, land, and supplies—such as an irrigation pump for the Kadiridimba, which is heavily farmed and flows sluggishly through the valley.

After the first planting in August 2018, the group now is about to reap its fifth harvest, in late November. Members collected more than 2,100 kilograms of rice across four harvests. Each harvest bore about five sacks, each weighing 100 kilograms. Cyiza said each sack sold for about 30,000 Rwandan francs, or more than $32.

Altogether, that amounts to about 630,000 Rwandan francs, or $675. Divided among the 18 families in the program, that means each family gained 35,000 francs, about $38, over the year. In rural areas such as Rwinkwavu, that's more than enough to feed a family of five for a month.

Mazimpaka, the clinical director for Kayonza District, said those gains are translating directly to greater food security for people in PIH’s malnutrition programs across Rwanda. The rice farming program is part of a larger effort called All Mothers and Children Count, which includes a variety of maternal and child health initiatives, POSER programs, and more.

Sabrine Mutesi said her son, Ibrahim Arnold, 3, is much healthier and more energetic since the family joined PIH's malnutrition program. — Sabrine Mutesi and her family are involved in PIH's malnutrition program in southeastern Rwanda. She said her son, Ibrahim Arnold, 3, is much healthier and more energetic since the family joined the local rice-farming collaborative. Seated behind her are PIH program assistant Clement Cyiza, left, and Mutesi's mother, Franana Gakasi, holding Mutesi's 6-month-old son, Ramadhan.

Child health

“When we started this project, we did a survey,” said Mazimpaka, who also is project manager for All Mothers and Children Count. “All the beneficiaries reported they only had food security for five months out of the year.”

That 2016 survey spanned 2,400 households, across the three districts—Kayonza and Kirehe in the southeast, Burera in the north—in which PIH works in Rwanda.

Since that time, Mazimpaka said, average food security for families surveyed has grown to eight months out of the year, rather than five.

That’s only a start, of course. But for parents including Cristine Mukabarisa, who has children in the Rwinkwavu malnutrition program and has been growing rice alongside Nyirashyirambere and others, the impacts have been very real.

She gave a simple description of how her children have been doing since the group began harvesting.

“Abana baraho,” she said in Kinyarwanda, as Cyiza translated. “(My) children are so good.”